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There he became involved in anti-colonial and African nationalist politics, joining the ANC in 1943 and co-founding its Youth League in 1944.

He studied law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand before working as a lawyer in Johannesburg.

Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997.Ī Xhosa, Mandela was born to the Thembu royal family in Mvezo, British South Africa. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela ( Xhosa: 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.